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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. xviii,93 p. ilus, tab, graf, mapas.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-772785

ABSTRACT

A compreensão da variabilidade da resposta do hospedeiro à infecção malárica continua a ser um grande desafio. Fatores genéticos, tanto do hospedeiro como ambientais, contribuem para essa variabilidade, conferindo resistência inata ou influindo na reposta imune. É possível destacar como fontes de variabilidade na susceptibilidade à malária, fatores inerentes ao hospedeiro, tais como polimorfismos genéticos que ocorrem em eritrócitos e células do sistema imune. Genes como os de citocinas e da enzima óxido nítrico sintase induzida têm um papel importante na regulação da resposta imune e na defesa contra agentes infecciosos. Portanto, nesse estudo avaliamos os polimorfismos nos genes das citocinas interferon gama (IFN-gama) e interleucina 10 (IL-10), e da enzima óxido nítrico sintase induzida e sua influência nos níveis plasmáticos e na susceptibilidade à malária em uma população da Amazônia brasileira exposta à infecção. Verificamos a frequência alélica e genotípica dos polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNP) do IFNG+874T/A, IL10A-1082G/A, IL10A-592A/C, IL10A-819T/C e NOS2A-954G/C em 267 indivíduos residentes em áreas rurais e periferia do município de Porto Velho, Rondônia. Os fragmentos específicos de DNA foram amplificados pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), permitindo a detecção dos polimorfismos e determinação dos genótipos. O plasma dos indivíduos foi usado para mensurar os níveis das citocinas IFN-gama e IL-10, e dos radicais de nitrogênio, através do luminex e reação de Griess, respectivamente. Os polimorfismos IFNG+874T/A e NOS2A-954G/C não tiveram associação significativa entre ambos os grupos ou com nenhum dos parâmetros de susceptibilidade (doença clínica, níveis de IFN-gama ou radicais de nitrogênio e vi parasitemia), exceto uma fraca associação do polimorfismo IFNG+874T/A com o número de episódios anteriores de malária...


Understanding the variability of the host response to malaria infection remainsa major challenge. Genetic factors from host and environment, contribute to thisvariability, conferring innate resistance or affecting the immune response. It ispossible to highlight as sources of variability in the susceptibility to malaria, factorsinherent to the host, such as genetic polymorphisms that occur in erythrocytes andcells of the immune system. Some relevant genes such as cytokines and nitric oxidesynthase genes play a key role in the regulation of the immune response and to thedefense against infectious agents. Therefore, in this study we evaluated thepolymorphisms in the genes of interferon gama (IFN-gama) and interleukin 10 (IL-10),and nitric oxide synthase and their influence in serum levels and susceptibility tomalaria in a population from Brazilian Amazon exposed to infection. We verified theallelic and genotypic frequencies of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),namely IFNG+874T/A, IL10A-1082G/A, IL10A-592A/C, IL10A-819T/C and NOS2A-954G/C in 268 individuals from rural areas of the municipality of Porto Velho,Rondonia State...


Subject(s)
Humans , Interferon-gamma , Malaria/epidemiology , Malaria/etiology , Malaria/transmission , Nitric Oxide , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(8): 1035-1041, Dec. 2012. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-660652

ABSTRACT

The haematological changes and release of soluble mediators, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP) and nitric oxide (NO), during uncomplicated malaria have not been well studied, especially in Brazilian areas in which the disease is endemic. Therefore, the present study examined these factors in acute (day 0) and convalescent phase (day 15) patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Haematologic parameters were measured using automated cell counting, CRP levels were measured with ELISA and NO plasma levels were measured by the Griess reaction. Our data indicate that individuals with uncomplicated P. vivax and P. falciparum infection presented similar inflammatory profiles with respect to white blood cells, with high band cell production and a considerable degree of thrombocytopaenia during the acute phase of infection. Higher CRP levels were detected in acute P. vivax infection than in acute P. falciparum infection, while higher NO was detected in patients with acute and convalescent P. falciparum infections. Although changes in these mediators cannot predict malaria infection, the haematological aspects associated with malaria infection, especially the roles of platelets and band cells, need to be investigated further.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Platelets/immunology , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Malaria, Falciparum/blood , Malaria, Vivax/blood , Neutrophils/immunology , Nitric Oxide/blood , Acute Disease , Convalescence , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Malaria, Falciparum/immunology , Malaria, Vivax/diagnosis , Malaria, Vivax/immunology
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